MENGOPTIMALKAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING KOMBINASI REALISTIC MATEMATIC EDUCATION, SNOWBALL THROWING

Abstract

The main problem of this study was the low level of student activity, critical thinking,

and mathematics learning outcomes, particularly in whole number division. These

challenges arose from limited student engagement, underdeveloped thinking skills,

and results that fell below the Minimum Mastery Criteria. To address this, the study

applied a combination of the Problem-Based Learning model, Realistic Mathematics

Education, and Snowball Throwing. The research aimed to describe teacher and

student activities, analyze students’ critical thinking skills, and evaluate their learning

outcomes.This study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design with fourth-

grade students of class IVB at SDN 5 Loktabat Banjarbaru in the 2024/2025

academic year as subjects. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were

employed. Qualitative data were gathered through observations of teacher and

student activities, while quantitative data were obtained from student learning

outcomes based on Final Semester Assessment (SAS) scores. Data were analyzed

using percentage scales and predetermined indicators of success.The findings

indicated that in the final cycle, teacher activity reached the “Excellent” category,

student activity was “Highly Active,” and critical thinking skills were categorized as

“Highly Skilled.” Furthermore, classical mastery of learning outcomes met the

expected criteria. In conclusion, the integration of Problem-Based Learning with

Realistic Mathematics Education and Snowball Throwing effectively improved

student participation, critical thinking, and mathematics achievement in whole

number division. This model is recommended as an alternative for teachers to

enhance engagement, foster critical thinking, and improve academic results in

mathematics and other related subjects.