EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN KUOTA IMPOR SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PROTEKSI INDUSTRI DOMESTIK: KAJIAN LITERATUR

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of import quota policies as an instrument for protecting domestic industries and to identify the impacts and challenges of their implementation in Indonesia. The study employs a literature review with a descriptive qualitative approach by examining, classifying, comparing, and synthesizing previous research relevant to import quotas and domestic industrial protection. The findings indicate that import quota policies have the potential to protect domestic producers from foreign competition, expand market opportunities, and encourage domestic production. However, their effectiveness is not universal, as it depends on industrial characteristics, raw material availability, production capacity, market structure, and policy implementation mechanisms. Import restrictions may also increase domestic prices, reduce consumer choices, and raise production costs when domestic industries remain dependent on imported raw materials. Therefore, the success of import quota policies should not be measured solely by reductions in import volumes but also by improvements in productivity, efficiency, product quality, and national industrial competitiveness. This study concludes that import quotas can serve as effective protection instruments when implemented selectively, transparently, and proportionately, accompanied by upstream industry development, technological advancement, and periodic evaluation. Accordingly, import quota policies should be directed not only toward protecting domestic industries in the short term but also toward strengthening industrial self-reliance and competitiveness in the long term