STRATEGI KEAMANAN BERBASIS SITUATIONAL CRIME PREVENTION DALAM MENCEGAH KEKERASAN ANTAR NARAPIDANA DI RUMAH TAHANAN NEGARA KELAS IIB PURBALINGGA
Abstract
Violence among inmates is a form of security and order disturbance that threatens the safety and sense of security of those held in correctional institutions. This research is motivated by the condition of the Class IIB Purbalingga State Detention Center (Rutan), where the number of occupants exceeds its capacity, making it prone to friction between inmates. The aim of this study is to examine the security strategy based on Situational Crime Prevention in preventing violence among inmates and to identify the obstacles in its implementation at the detention center. This research employs a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, using in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving security officers, detainee services staff, and an inmate selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using Ronald V. Clarke’s Situational Crime Prevention theory. The findings show that the security strategy has been carried out across all five dimensions of the theory, namely increasing the effort, increasing the risk, reducing the rewards, reducing provocations, and removing excuses, through entrance inspections, routine patrols, CCTV surveillance, room placement, mediation, and repeated communication of rules. However, its implementation still faces obstacles, such as a limited number of officers, inadequate security equipment, overcrowding, a seniority culture among inmates, low willingness to join rehabilitation programs, and reluctance to report threats. The study concludes that the strategy is consistent with the theory and mainly preventive, but CCTV coverage, staffing, overcrowding, and formal post-incident evaluation still need to be strengthened.
References
Aji, F. B., Junaidi, A., & Rudatyo. (2023). Pelaksanaan tugas pengamanan dalam upaya menciptakan keamanan dan ketertiban di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Wonogiri. Jurnal Bevinding, 1(6), 46–51.
Baggio, S., Peigné, N., Heller, P., Gétaz, L., Liebrenz, M., & Wolff, H. (2020). Do overcrowding and turnover cause violence in prison? Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 1015. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.01015
Chiu, W. H., Leclerc, B., Reynald, D. M., & Wortley, R. (2020). Offender perceptions of situational crime prevention measures for sexual offending. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology.
Cornish, D. B., & Clarke, R. V. (2003). Opportunities, precipitators and criminal decisions: A reply to Wortley’s critique of situational crime prevention. Crime Prevention Studies, 16, 41–96.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Cristoper, & Sgn, S. Z. (2025). Penanggulangan kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas IIA Jakarta. Lex Laguens: Jurnal Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan, 3(1).
Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan. (2025). Laporan kinerja instansi pemerintah (LKJIP) Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan tahun 2025. Jakarta: Kementerian Imigrasi dan Pemasyarakatan.
Fiantika, F. R., Wasil, M., Jumiyati, S., Honesti, L., Wahyuni, S., Mouw, E., dkk. (2022). Metodologi penelitian kualitatif. Rake Sarasin.
Gunawan, E., & Margaret, M. (2022). Situational crime prevention terhadap pelecehan seksual di Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) Jakarta. Jurnal Anomie, 4(1), 1–10.
Hoek, D. B. C., Barends, A. J., van Ginneken, E. F. J. C., & Kunst, M. J. J. (2025). The situational character of prison violence: An exploratory qualitative study. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1177/17488958251360953
Ilahi, A. T., & Novarizal, R. (2025). Upaya pencegahan kerusuhan di Rutan Kelas IIB Siak Sri Indrapura. Jurnal Sisi Lain Realita, 10(2).
Kementerian Imigrasi dan Pemasyarakatan. (2025). Laporan tahunan Kemenimipas tahun 2025. Jakarta: Kementerian Imigrasi dan Pemasyarakatan.
Ludji, S. E., Amalo, H., & Manafe, D. R. Ch. (2025). Peran Lembaga Pemasyarakatan dalam menanggulangi kekerasan yang dilakukan sesama narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II A Kupang. Artemis Law Journal, 2(2), 212–229. https://doi.org/10.35508/alj.v2i2.20857
Mubarokah, A. F., & Larasati, N. U. (2023). Konflik antar narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas I Cipinang dalam perspektif subkultur penjara. Deviance Jurnal Kriminologi, 7(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.36080/djk.2708
Novianty, R. R. (2023). Tinjauan hukum penempatan narapidana di rumah tahanan setelah putusan memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap. Andrew Law Journal, 2(1), 10–14.
Peraturan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 2024 tentang Penyelenggaraan Keamanan dan Ketertiban pada Satuan Kerja Pemasyarakatan.
Prasetyo, I. (2025). Perkelahian antarwarga binaan: Studi kasus Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Narkotika Kelas IIA Karang Intan. Jurnal Hukum dan Konstitusi, 1(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.64272/c40va972
Shadiq, D. Z., Gumilar, G. G., & Rizki, M. F. (2025). Dampak over kapasitas di Lapas Kelas IIA Bekasi bagi keamanan narapidana. Moderat, 11(4), 1498–1506. https://doi.org/10.25157/moderat.v11i4.4920
Silistiawati, I., Rahmayanti, Audina, K., Nst, S. E. S., & Wingcun. (2025). Optimalisasi peran petugas Lembaga Pemasyarakatan dalam menangani konflik antar narapidana. INNOVATIVE: Journal of Social Science Research, 5(4).
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (Edisi 2). Bandung: Alfabeta.
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 22 Tahun 2022 tentang Pemasyarakatan. Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2022 Nomor 232.
Wiraharma, J., Ismansyah, & Fitriati. (2025). Peran petugas jaga pada lembaga pemasyarakatan untuk mengantisipasi tindakan kekerasan oleh sesama warga binaan. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 9(1), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.31933/p3z6nw39
Wiratama, R. A. (2021). Implementasi manajemen security dalam mencegah terjadinya konflik antar narapidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Widya Yuridika: Jurnal Hukum, 4, 295–306.
Yonani. (2025). Upaya penanggulangan konflik antar narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Narkotika Kelas II B Banyuasin. Disiplin: Majalah Civitas Akademika Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda, 31(2).
Yusriani, N. A., & Anwar, U. (2022). Upaya pencegahan tindak kekerasan antar warga binaan pemasyarakatan di Lapas Kelas II A Jambi. Jurnal Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan Undiksha, 10(2).
