CYBER GROOMING PADA ANAK: ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO, DAMPAK PSIKOSOSIAL, DAN PELANGGARAN HAK ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF SDGs 16
Keywords:
cyber grooming; anak sekolah dasar; psikososial; hak anak; SDGs 16.2
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fenomena cyber grooming pada anak di Indonesia melalui kajian terhadap faktor risiko, dampak psikososial, serta pelanggaran hak anak dalam perspektif Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 16.2. Pendekatan penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis studi kepustakaan (library research), yang memanfaatkan berbagai sumber ilmiah bereputasi, laporan lembaga internasional, serta data nasional yang relevan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa cyber grooming merupakan fenomena yang terbentuk melalui interaksi kompleks antara aspek individu, keluarga, sekolah, dan lingkungan digital. Proses grooming berlangsung secara bertahap dan manipulatif, dimulai dari pembentukan kepercayaan hingga eksploitasi, sehingga sulit dikenali pada tahap awal. Dampak yang ditimbulkan bersifat multidimensional, mencakup gangguan emosional, penurunan kepercayaan diri, hambatan relasi sosial, serta penurunan performa akademik. Selain itu, praktik cyber grooming merepresentasikan pelanggaran serius terhadap hak anak, khususnya dalam aspek perlindungan, keamanan, dan kesejahteraan. Dalam perspektif SDGs 16.2, fenomena ini menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara komitmen global dan implementasi di lapangan, terutama akibat keterbatasan sistem dalam mengantisipasi kekerasan digital yang bersifat tersembunyi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan berbasis sistem yang adaptif, mencakup penguatan indikator, deteksi dini, serta respons kebijakan yang terintegrasi untuk mendukung upaya penghapusan kekerasan terhadap anak di era digital.
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Whittle, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., Beech, A., & Collings, G. (2013). A review of online grooming: Characteristics and concerns. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.09.003
Winters, G. M., Jeglic, E. L., & Kaylor, L. E. (2020). Validation of the Sexual Grooming Model of Child Sexual Abusers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(7), 855–875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2020.1801935
Braun, Virginia., & Clarke, Victoria. (2022). Thematic analysis : a practical guide. SAGE.
Finkelhor, D., Turner, H., & Colburn, D. (2022). Prevalence of Online Sexual Offenses Against Children in the US. JAMA Network Open, 5(10), e2234471. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.34471
Fortunato, E., Slikboer, R., Henshaw, M., & Ogloff, J. R. P. (2025). Females who engage in online child sexual exploitation: a critical narrative review. In Psychology, Crime and Law. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2025.2540384
Fry, D., Krzeczkowska, A., Ren, J., Lu, M., Fang, X., Fry, D., Krzeczkowska, A., Anderson, N., Ren, J., Lu, M., Jin, W., Liu, W., Vermeulen, I., McFeeters, A., Harker-Roa, A., Jaramillo Diaz,
K., Kurdi, Z., Marmolejo Lozano, M. P., Olié, L., … Fang, X. (2025). Prevalence estimates and nature of online child sexual exploitation and abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 9(3), 184–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(24)00329-8
Hailes, H. P., Yu, R., Danese, A., & Fazel, S. (2019). Long-term outcomes of childhood sexual abuse: an umbrella review. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(10), 830–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(19)30286-X
Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., Hanson, E., Whittle, H., & Beech, A. (2017). “Everyone deserves to be happy and safe.”
John W. Creswell. (2014). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publication, Inc.
Jonsson, L. S., Fredlund, C., Priebe, G., Wadsby, M., & Svedin, C. G. (2019). Online sexual abuse of adolescents by a perpetrator met online: a cross-sectional study. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 13(1), 32. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-019-0292-1
KemenPPPA. (2024). Sistem Informasi Online Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak (SIMFONI PPA). Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak.
Kemenpppa. (2025). Data SIMFONI PPA. Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak.
Kloess, J. A., Beech, A. R., & Harkins, L. (2014). Online Child Sexual Exploitation. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 15(2), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838013511543
KPAI. (2024). Laporan Akhir Tahun 2024.
KPAI. (2025). LAPORAN AKHIR TAHUN KPAI 2025 “Pengawasan KPAI Ungkap Tantangan Serius Situasi dan Kondisi Anak Indonesia, Dorong Efektivitas Sistem Perlindungan Anak Nasional.” https://www.kpai.go.id/files/2026/01/siaran-pers-laporan-akhir-tahun-KPAI-2025.pdf
Livingstone, S. ;, & Stoilova, M. (2021). The 4Cs: Classifying Online Risk to Children. https://doi.org/10.21241/ssoar.71817
Mathews, B., Pacella, R., Dunne, M. P., Simunovic, M., & Marston, C. (2020). Improving measurement of child abuse and neglect: A systematic review and analysis of national prevalence studies. PLoS ONE, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227884
Matthew B. Miles, A. Michael Huberman, & Johnny Saldaña. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications, Inc.
Nations, U. (2015). Transformig Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. In Sustainable Development Goals Series. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07461-5_1
OECD. (2021). Children In The Digital Environment Revised Typology Of Risks. OECD Digital Economy Papers.
Ofcom. (2023). Children and Parents: Media Use and Attitudes.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Soldino, V., & Seigfried-Spellar, K. C. (2024). Criminological differences between contact-driven and online-focused suspects in online child sexual grooming police reports. Child Abuse and Neglect, 149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106696
Staksrud, E., & Livingstone, S. (2009). Children and online risk. Information Communication and Society, 12(3), 364–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691180802635455
Tener, D. (2025). Reprint: Sibling sexual abuse: A commentary based on seven studies, seven insights. Child Abuse & Neglect, 162, 107323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2025.107323
UNICEF. (2024a). Every ChildIs Protected From Violence, Exploitation, Abuse, Neglect, and Harmful Practices.
UNICEF. (2024b). Global Annual Results Report 2024.
UNICEF. (2024c). Protecting children from violence and exploitation in relation to the digital environment Policy Brief. www.unicef.org
UNICEF. (2025). Childhood in a Digital World.
Villacampa, C., & Gómez, M. J. (2017). Online child sexual grooming. International Review of Victimology, 23(2), 105–121. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269758016682585
Walsh, K., Zwi, K., Woolfenden, S., & Shlonsky, A. (2015). School-based education programmes for the prevention of child sexual abuse. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004380.pub3
Wefers, S., Dieseth, T., George, E., Øverland, I., Jolapara, J., McAree, C., & Findlater, D. (2024). Understanding and deterring online child grooming: A qualitative study. Sexual Offending: Theory, Research, and Prevention, 19. https://doi.org/10.5964/sotrap.13147
Whittle, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., Beech, A., & Collings, G. (2013). A review of online grooming: Characteristics and concerns. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 18(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2012.09.003
Winters, G. M., Jeglic, E. L., & Kaylor, L. E. (2020). Validation of the Sexual Grooming Model of Child Sexual Abusers. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(7), 855–875. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2020.1801935
Published
2026-06-17
How to Cite
Sintarani, C., Handoyo, E., & Waluyo, E. (2026). CYBER GROOMING PADA ANAK: ANALISIS FAKTOR RISIKO, DAMPAK PSIKOSOSIAL, DAN PELANGGARAN HAK ANAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF SDGs 16. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 12(02), 280 - 304. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v12i02.13419
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Articles
