STUDI LITERATUR TENTANG METODE PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT ( TEAM GAMES TOURNAMEN) UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK
Keywords:
cooperative learning, TGT, social skills, early childhood, kindergarten
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the cooperative learning method Team Games Tournament(TGT) in developing social skills among kindergarten children through a literature review of national and international studies published within the last five years (2021–2025). The research employed a literature review approach by examining 25 relevant articles from reputable journals. The findings indicate that TGT consistently enhances various aspects of children’s social skills, including cooperation, communication, sharing, rule compliance, and prosocial behaviors. The structure of TGT—which integrates game-based activities, teamwork, and simple tournaments—provides meaningful social interaction experiences and increases children’s learning motivation. Moreover, the role of teachers as facilitators in managing group dynamics and instructional media becomes a key contributor to the successful implementation of TGT in early childhood education settings. Overall, this study confirms that TGT is an effective, enjoyable, and flexible approach for fostering social skill development in young children.
References
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Ning, H. K., & Hornby, G. (2014). The impact of cooperative learning on tertiary EFL learners’ social skills. Educational Review, 66(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.767384
Obsesi Journal. (2021). Teams Games Tournament (TGT) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan pada anak usia dini. Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(1), 1268. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i1.1268
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Rahmawati, I., & Kurniati, E. (2020). Cooperative learning dan perkembangan sosial emosional anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i1.235
Ramadhani, W. S. (2025). Efektivitas model pembelajaran Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) dengan 3D MatchJU media. Jurnal Pendidikan – Unesa E-Journal. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jupe/article/view/66779
Reichow, B., Song, Y., et al. (2024). Overview of reviews of peer-mediated interventions for young children. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/02711214241281383
Solikhah, A. (2020). Teams Games Tournament (TGT) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung awal anak usia 5–6 tahun. Jurnal Kumara. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/kumara/article/view/33092
Totan, T. (2011). The effects of cooperative learning on students’ prosocial behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 11(3), 1231–1235. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2011.3.1260
Utami, W. S., & Putri, A. A. P. (2025). Team Games Tournament: A cooperative model for training prosocial behavior in early childhood. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 10(1), 24–31. https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/potensia/article/view/37490
Veldman, M. A., et al. (2020). Young children working together: Cooperative learning in early years. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 51, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.10.001
Zhang, Q., Ruan, L., & Xiong, Y. (2025). Differential effects of cooperative versus competitive games on sharing behaviour among kindergarten children. Journal of Early Childhood Research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40677850
Zhang, X., et al. (2022). Effects of structured cooperative play on children’s social behavior. Translational Pediatrics, 11(3), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-21-482
Anisa, W., & Rachmawati, Y. (2021). Cooperative games to develop prosocial skills in early childhood. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(2), 75–86. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i2.1045
Aprilia Sugiarti, S., Widayati, S., & Widayanti, M. D. (2024). Implementasi cooperative learning untuk kelompok B TK Hidayatullah. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood, 6(1), 178–185. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijec.v6i1.2365
Artut, P. D. (2009). Experimental evaluation of the effects of cooperative learning on kindergarten children's social behavior. Early Child Development and Care, 180(2), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430903442001
Ayu, C., Hutagalung, F., Savana, C., Indahsari, A., & Jannah, M. (2025). Enhancing social skills in early childhood through cooperative learning: A case study. Nakkanak: Journal of Child Research. https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/v3/nakkanak/article/view/144
Chang, Y. C., & Katsura, T. (2016). A systematic review of peer-mediated interventions for social skills development in children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1351–1367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2639-7
Chang, Y. C., & Locke, J. (2016). A systematic review of peer-mediated interventions for social skills development in children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(4), 1351–1367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2639-7
Elbaum, B., Vaughn, S., Tejero Hughes, M., & Watson Moody, S. (2000). How effective are one-to-one tutoring programs in reading for elementary students? Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(4), 605–619. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.92.4.605
Fadillah, S. (2018). Pengaruh strategi kooperatif dan kecerdasan intrapersonal terhadap perilaku prososial anak usia dini. PAUD Lectura, 2(1), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.31849/paudlectura.v2i01.2008
Gillies, R. M. (2016). Cooperative learning: Review of research and practice. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 41(3), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.2016v41n3.3
Gusadha, T. H., Mukhaiyar, & Ratmanida. (2020). Investigating the effect of Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) technique towards students’ interaction. ADRIC Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.2991/adric-19.2020.38
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2008). Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning: The teacher’s role. The Annual Report of Educational Psychology in Japan, 47, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.5926/arepj1962.47.0_15
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (2009). An educational psychology success story: Social interdependence theory and cooperative learning. Educational Researcher, 38(5), 365–379. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09339057
Justice, L. M., et al. (2025). Effects of a peer-mediated intervention on the language and social outcomes of preschool children. Translational Pediatrics. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0885200625000663
Laksana, D. (2025). Literature review of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) implementation 2019–2025. EduProxima Journal. https://jurnal.stkippgritulungagung.ac.id/index.php/eduproxima/article/view/7858
Ning, H. K., & Hornby, G. (2014). The impact of cooperative learning on tertiary EFL learners’ social skills. Educational Review, 66(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2013.767384
Obsesi Journal. (2021). Teams Games Tournament (TGT) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan pada anak usia dini. Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(1), 1268. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i1.1268
Rahayu, S. (2025). Pengaruh penerapan pendekatan pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dengan media permainan ular tangga terhadap kemampuan numerasi siswa. Jurnal Didaktika. https://jurnaldidaktika.org/contents/article/view/1833
Rahmawati, I., & Kurniati, E. (2020). Cooperative learning dan perkembangan sosial emosional anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(1), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i1.235
Ramadhani, W. S. (2025). Efektivitas model pembelajaran Teams-Games-Tournament (TGT) dengan 3D MatchJU media. Jurnal Pendidikan – Unesa E-Journal. https://ejournal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/jupe/article/view/66779
Reichow, B., Song, Y., et al. (2024). Overview of reviews of peer-mediated interventions for young children. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/02711214241281383
Solikhah, A. (2020). Teams Games Tournament (TGT) untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berhitung awal anak usia 5–6 tahun. Jurnal Kumara. https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/kumara/article/view/33092
Totan, T. (2011). The effects of cooperative learning on students’ prosocial behaviors. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 11(3), 1231–1235. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2011.3.1260
Utami, W. S., & Putri, A. A. P. (2025). Team Games Tournament: A cooperative model for training prosocial behavior in early childhood. Jurnal Ilmiah Potensia, 10(1), 24–31. https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/potensia/article/view/37490
Veldman, M. A., et al. (2020). Young children working together: Cooperative learning in early years. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 51, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2019.10.001
Zhang, Q., Ruan, L., & Xiong, Y. (2025). Differential effects of cooperative versus competitive games on sharing behaviour among kindergarten children. Journal of Early Childhood Research. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40677850
Zhang, X., et al. (2022). Effects of structured cooperative play on children’s social behavior. Translational Pediatrics, 11(3), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-21-482
Published
2026-01-03
How to Cite
Wiwik Anita, & Siti Maisaroh. (2026). STUDI LITERATUR TENTANG METODE PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TGT ( TEAM GAMES TOURNAMEN) UNTUK MENGEMBANGKAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 11(04), 236 - 247. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v11i04.10610
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Articles
