IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM MERDEKA BELAJAR-KAMPUS MERDEKA (MBKM) DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI KERJA MAHASISWA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
MerdekaBelajar, employability, higher education
Abstract
The Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) policy is a strategic government initiative design to enhanced university graduates’ employability and align higher education outcomes with the rapidly changing demands of the labor market. Through eight form off-campus learning program, MBKM aims to strengthen students’ hard and soft skills while bridging the gap between academia and industry. This study systematically reviews literature published between 2020 and 2025 that discusses the implementation of MBKM in developing students’ work competencies. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was applied to analyze 30 articles sourced from Google Scholar, Garuda, and SINTA databases. Thematic synthesis was used to identify five key themes: implementation forms, effectiveness on work competencies, supporting factors, implementation barriers, and ideal models for employability. The findings indicate that MBKM effectively enhances students’ employability, particularly in communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. Nevertheless, challenges remain in the form of inadequate infrastructure, limited lecturer readiness, and inconsistent assessment standards. This review recommends the establishment of an outcome-based evaluation system and sustained collaboration between higher education institutions and industry stakeholders.
References
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Permana, U. (2023). Designing Citizenship Education Curriculum Based on MBKM. Scaffolding Journal, 5(1), 12–25.
Priawasana, E. (2024). Evaluating K-13 vs Merdeka Curriculum: Impacts on Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Kependidikan, 8(1), 33–47.
Putra, H. S., & Okkapah, R. S. (2023). Policy Direction and Implementation of MBKM. Journal of Social Research, 12(2), 85–97.
Rodiyah, R. (2021). Implementasi Program MBKM di Fakultas Hukum UNNES. Proceeding UNNES, 1(1), 45–53.
Saripi, S. (2024). Evaluating the MBKM Program: A Thorough Literature Review. INATESOL Journal, 7(1), 20–35.
Supriyadi, D. (2023). Challenges of MBKM Implementation in Vocational Colleges. Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia, 5(2), 55–70.
Triana, P., et al. (2024). Implementasi dan Dampak MBKM untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Hard Skills dan Soft Skills Mahasiswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(4), 223–238.
Yorke, M. (2006). Employability in Higher Education: What It Is – What It Is Not. Higher Education Academy.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Regulation (pp. 13–39). Academic Press.
Apoko, T. W., Prasetyo, D., & Nugraha, H. (2022). Students’ Awareness and Participation in MBKM Policy. JERE, 6(3), 125–137.
Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta.
Arisandi, D. (2022). Dampak Kegiatan MBKM dalam Peningkatan Kompetensi Mahasiswa. Jurnal MISHUMSEN, 5(3), 156–170.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Sorensen, C. (2018). Introduction to Research in Education (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Boud, D., & Solomon, N. (Eds.). (2001). Work-Based Learning: A New Higher Education? Open University Press.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2019). Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, 11(4), 589–597.
Budianto, A. (2023). Work-Integrated Learning in Indonesian Higher Education. Jurnal Pendidikan Tinggi, 8(1), 25–40.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.
Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. (2020). Panduan Merdeka Belajar – Kampus Merdeka (Edisi 2020). Kemdikbud.
Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi. (2024). Panduan Merdeka Belajar – Kampus Merdeka (Edisi 2024). Kemdikbudristek.
Fadilah, R. (2024). Employability Skills Development through MBKM Projects. Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora, 12(2), 75–89.
Fuadi, T. M. (2021). Implementation Challenges of MBKM in Private Universities in Aceh. Jurnal Dedikasi Pendidikan, 5(2), 201–212.
Halimah, S. (2024). Implementasi Program MBKM di Universitas Terbuka. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 13(2), 110–123.
Harlanu, M. (2024). The Impact of MBKM and Motivation on Students’ Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 14(2), 75–88. https://doi.org/10.17977/jpp.v14i2.28923
Hasibuan, H. Y. (2023). Ethnoscience as Policy Implementation of Merdeka Curriculum. JPPIPA, 9(2), 145–158. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i2.2410
Hasibuan, R., & Rahmad, S. (2023). Integrating Employability Skills into Higher Education Curriculum. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 11(3), 210–225. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi.v11i3.16644
Hidayat, R. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review of Prior Studies on the Indonesian Independent Campus Policy (MBKM). ERIC Journal, 1(2), 45–62. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1479146.pdf
Jackson, D. (2016). Reconceptualising graduate employability: The role of work-integrated learning. Studies in Higher Education, 41(8), 1389–1402. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1085426
Jackson, D., & Wilton, N. (2017). Career-ready graduates: Bridging higher education and employment. Journal of Education and Work, 30(7), 773–791. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2017.1366647
Juanita, J. (2022). Persepsi Pelaksanaan MBKM Prodi Teknik Sipil. Techno Journal, 6(1), 88–99. https://jurnalnasional.ump.ac.id/index.php/Techno/article/view/12592
Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Prentice Hall.
Knight, P., & Yorke, M. (2003). Assessment, Learning and Employability. Open University Press.
Kusumo, H. (2023). Best Practices of MBKM Implementation in Indonesian Universities. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 28(2), 45–60.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press.
Lestari, H. (2023). Peran Dosen Pembimbing dalam Program MBKM. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 14(3), 119–132.
Maghfiroh, M. U. (2024). Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka: Studi Deskriptif. Jurnal MBKM, 3(1), 50–60.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2015). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
Permana, U. (2023). Designing Citizenship Education Curriculum Based on MBKM. Scaffolding Journal, 5(1), 12–25.
Priawasana, E. (2024). Evaluating K-13 vs Merdeka Curriculum: Impacts on Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Kependidikan, 8(1), 33–47.
Putra, H. S., & Okkapah, R. S. (2023). Policy Direction and Implementation of MBKM. Journal of Social Research, 12(2), 85–97.
Rodiyah, R. (2021). Implementasi Program MBKM di Fakultas Hukum UNNES. Proceeding UNNES, 1(1), 45–53.
Saripi, S. (2024). Evaluating the MBKM Program: A Thorough Literature Review. INATESOL Journal, 7(1), 20–35.
Supriyadi, D. (2023). Challenges of MBKM Implementation in Vocational Colleges. Jurnal Vokasi Indonesia, 5(2), 55–70.
Triana, P., et al. (2024). Implementasi dan Dampak MBKM untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Hard Skills dan Soft Skills Mahasiswa. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 10(4), 223–238.
Yorke, M. (2006). Employability in Higher Education: What It Is – What It Is Not. Higher Education Academy.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE.
Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts et al. (Eds.), Handbook of Self-Regulation (pp. 13–39). Academic Press.
Published
2025-12-26
How to Cite
Syahmiarni, & Darul Ilmi. (2025). IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM MERDEKA BELAJAR-KAMPUS MERDEKA (MBKM) DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI KERJA MAHASISWA: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 11(04), 499 - 513. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v11i04.9664
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Articles
