PERAN JOB CRAFTING SEBAGAI MODERATOR ANTARA PENGGUNAAN TIK DENGAN KETERIKATAN KERJA PADA KARYAWAN GENERASI Z
Keywords:
Generation Z, ICT Use, Work Engagement, Job Crafting
Abstract
The workforce comprises various generations, each with distinct characteristics, including Generation Z. Known as the “iGen" or internet generation, Generation Z is accustomed to the ease of accessing technology. According to the JD-R model, ICT usage is a work resource and a job demand that can promote work engagement. However, excessive technology use can lead to technostress and burnout. This study examines the role of ICT usage in work engagement and whether job crafting is a mediator to alleviate the pressures associated with ICT usage. This research employed a non-experimental quantitative method with a non-probability sampling technique through purposive sampling. The regression test utilized Moderation Regression Analysis (MRA). The study involved 159 Generation Z employees working in the IT sector. The measurement tools included the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) by Kristiana et al. (2018), the ICT Resources & Stressor Scale by Cianci et al. (2024), and the Job Crafting Scale (JC-Scale) by Serpara (2023). The results showed that ICT usage contributed to 39.4% of work engagement, while other factors outside the study influenced the remaining percentage. However, job crafting did not act as a moderator in this study. Additional MRA analysis for each dimension of job crafting as a moderator revealed that 2 out of 4 dimensions could function as moderators .
References
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Kupang, G. B., Ballangan, M. G., Carantes, F. T., & Yanes Jr., P. S. (2024). Unpacking Technostress: A Systematic Review on its Effects and Mitigation. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(4), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i04.002
Kusumawati, E. (1945). Keterikatan kerja dan tingkat Turnover Intention pada karyawan generasi milenial dan generasi Z. In Universitas (Vol. 2, Issue 02).
Lee, C. C., Aravamudhan, V., Roback, T., Lim, H. S., & Ruane, S. G. (2021). Factors Impacting Work Engagement of Gen Z Employees: A Regression Analysis. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.33423/jlae.v18i3.4414
Lee, S.-H., Shin, Y., & Baek, S. I. (2017). The Impact Of Job Demands And Resources On Job Crafting. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(4), 827–840. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i4.10003
Leslie, B., Anderson, C., Bickham, C., Horman, J., Overly, A., Gentry, C., Callahan, C., & King, J. (2021). Generation Z Perceptions of a Positive Workplace Environment. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 33(3), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-021-09366-2
Mencl, J., & Lester, S. W. (2014). More Alike Than Different: What Generations Value and How the Values Affect Employee Workplace Perceptions. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 21(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051814529825
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Andrade, C., & Matias, M. (2022). Work-related ICT use during off-job time, technology to family conflict and segmentation preference: a study with two generations of employees. Information Communication and Society, 25(14), 2162–2171. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.1933564
Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Key Questions Regarding Work Engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 20(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2010.485352
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Taking Stock and Looking Forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2018). Multiple Levels in Job Demands-Resources Theory: Implications for Employee Well-being and Performance (S. O. E. Diener & L. Tay, Eds.). DEF Publishers. https://doi.org/DOI:nobascholar.com
Bakker, A. B., Rodríguez-Muñoz, A., & Sanz Vergel, A. I. (2016). Modelling job crafting behaviours: Implications for work engagement. Human Relations, 69(1), 169–189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726715581690
Baumeister, V. M., Kuen, L. P., Bruckes, M., & Schewe, G. (2021). The Relationship of Work-Related ICT Use With Well-being, Incorporating the Role of Resources and Demands: A Meta-Analysis. SAGE Open, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211061560
Boswell, W. R., & Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2007). The Use of Communication Technologies After Hours: The Role of Work Attitudes and Work-life Conflict. Journal of Management, 33(4), 592–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307302552
Cetindamar, K. D., & Abedin, B. (2021). Understanding The Role of Employees in Digital Transformation: Conceptualization of Digital Literacy of Employees as a Multi-dimensional Organizational Affordance. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 34(6), 1649–1672. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-01-2020-0010
Chicca, J., & Shellenbarger, T. (2018). Connecting with Generation Z: Approaches in Nursing Education. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 13(3), 180–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2018.03.008
Cianci, J., Weibel, D., & Elfering, A. (2024). Measuring Work Demands and Resources of Digitalisation: The ICT Resources and Stressors Scale. Swiss Psychology Open, 4(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.5334/spo.59
Dencker, J. C., Joshi, A., & Martocchio, J. J. (2008). Towards a theoretical framework linking generational memories to workplace attitudes and behaviors. Human Resource Management Review, 18(3), 180–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2008.07.007
Dewett, T., & Jones, G. R. (2001). The Role of Information Technology in the Organization: a Review, Model, and Assessment.
Diaz, I., Chiaburu, D. S., Zimmerman, R. D., & Boswell, W. R. (2012). Communication technology: Pros and cons of constant connection to work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(2), 500–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.08.007
Fajriyanti, Y., Handayani Rahmah, A., & Ulfa Eka Hadiyanti, S. (2023). Analisis Motivasi Kerja Generasi Z Yang Dipengaruhi Oleh Lingkungan Kerja dan Komitmen Kerja. Journal of Trends Economics and Accounting Research, 4(1), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.47065/jtear.v4i1.808
Fernando, N., & Zuraida, U. (2023). The Impact of Employee Engagement, Job Satisfaction, and Compensation and Benefits towards Gen Z’s Employee Performance in PT. XYZ. Journal Integration of Management Studies, 1(1), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.58229/jims.v1i1.21
Gabrielova, K., & Buchko, A. A. (2021). Here Comes Generation Z: Millennials as Managers. Business Horizons, 64(4), 489–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.013
Gomez, K., Mawhinney, T., & Bets, K. (2018). Deloitte Welcome-to-gen-z.
Gozali, V. A., Zamralita, & Lie, D. (2024). Gambaran Keterikatan Kerja Karyawan Generasi di PT X. 2(1), 102–107.
Grefen, P. (2021). Digital Literacy and Electronic Business. Encyclopedia, 1(3), 934–941. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030071
Hapsari, A. D., & Nurtjahjanti, H. (2022). Hubungan antara Technostress dengan Keterikatan Kerja pada Perangkat Desa di Kecamatan Kedung, Kabupaten Jepara. Jurnal Empati, 11(11), 375–380.
Heeks, Richard. (1999). Information and Communication Technologies, Poverty and Development (5). Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester.
Jenkins, R. (2019). The Generation Z Guide. Ryan Jenkins, LLC.
Kao, K. Y., Chi, N. W., Thomas, C. L., Lee, H. T., & Wang, Y. F. (2020). Linking ICT Availability Demands to Burnout and Work-Family Conflict: The Roles of Workplace Telepressure and Dispositional Self-Regulation. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 154(5), 325–345. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2020.1745137
Kompasiana. (2024). Generasi Z: Adaptasi dan Inovasi di Dunia Kerja . Kompasiana.
Kristiana, F. I., Fajhrianthi, & Purwono, U. (2018). Analisis Rasch Dalam Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 (UWES-9) Versi Bahasa Indonesia (Vol. 17, Issue 2).
Kupang, G. B., Ballangan, M. G., Carantes, F. T., & Yanes Jr., P. S. (2024). Unpacking Technostress: A Systematic Review on its Effects and Mitigation. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(4), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i04.002
Kusumawati, E. (1945). Keterikatan kerja dan tingkat Turnover Intention pada karyawan generasi milenial dan generasi Z. In Universitas (Vol. 2, Issue 02).
Lee, C. C., Aravamudhan, V., Roback, T., Lim, H. S., & Ruane, S. G. (2021). Factors Impacting Work Engagement of Gen Z Employees: A Regression Analysis. Journal of Leadership, Accountability and Ethics, 18(3). https://doi.org/10.33423/jlae.v18i3.4414
Lee, S.-H., Shin, Y., & Baek, S. I. (2017). The Impact Of Job Demands And Resources On Job Crafting. The Journal of Applied Business Research, 33(4), 827–840. https://doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v33i4.10003
Leslie, B., Anderson, C., Bickham, C., Horman, J., Overly, A., Gentry, C., Callahan, C., & King, J. (2021). Generation Z Perceptions of a Positive Workplace Environment. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 33(3), 171–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-021-09366-2
Mencl, J., & Lester, S. W. (2014). More Alike Than Different: What Generations Value and How the Values Affect Employee Workplace Perceptions. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 21(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051814529825
Munte, R. S., Risnita, Jailani, M. S. J., & Siregar, I. (2024). Analisis Dokumenter Praktisi Pendidikan Islam: Pendekatan Eksperimen dan Noneksperimen (Design Klausal Komparatif dan Design Korelasional). Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 8(1), 4370–4375.
Nor, M. N. ‘Izzah, Arokiasamy, L., & Balaraman, R. A. (2018). The influence of Internet of Things on employee’s engagement among generation Y at the workplace. SHS Web of Conferences, 56, 03003. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185603003
Oldham, G. R., & Fried, Y. (2016). Job Design Research and Theory: Past, Present and Future. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 136, 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2016.05.002
Pansini, M., Buonomo, I., De Vincenzi, C., Ferrara, B., & Benevene, P. (2023). Positioning Technostress in the JD-R Model Perspective: A Systematic Literature Review. In Healthcare (Switzerland) (Vol. 11, Issue 3). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030446
Perrow, C. (1967). A Framework for the Comparative Analysis of Organizations. American Sociological Review, 32(2), 194–208. https://doi.org/10.2307/2091811
Pfaffinger, K. F., Reif, J. A. M., & Spieß, E. (2022). When and Why Telepressure and Technostress Creators Impair Employee Well-Being. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(2), 958–973. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2020.1846376
Pichler, S., Kohli, C., & Granitz, N. (2021). DITTO for Gen Z: A framework for leveraging the uniqueness of the new generation. Business Horizons, 64(5), 599–610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2021.02.021
Prabha, S. D., & Kirupa, P. M. (2024). Impact of Autonomy, Organisational Support and Leader Relation on Job Crafting-A Comparative Study of Millennials and Generation Z. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 33(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.53555/03276716.2024.03
Rachmawati, D. (2019). Welcoming Gen Z in Job World (Selamat Datang Generasi Z di dunia kerja). Proceeding Indonesia Career Center Network Summit IV, 21–24.
Rachmawati, R. (2018). Pengembangan Perkotaan d: alam Era Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. UGM PRESS.
Rahadi, D. R., & Farid, M. (2021). Analisis Variabel Moderating (P. A. C & M. Muslih, Eds.). CV. Lentera Ilmu Mandiri.
Rudolph, C. W., Katz, I. M., Lavigne, K. N., & Zacher, H. (2017). Job Crafting: A Meta-Analysis of Relationships with Individual Differences, Job Characteristics, and Work Outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 102, 112–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2017.05.008
Ruiz, A. C. (2020). ICTs Usage and Skills Matching at Work: Some Evidence from Spain. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1064–1083. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2020-0103
Ruth, A. O., Meddour, H., & Majid, A. H. A. (2024). Unleashing Work Engagement: Sighting the Influence of Technology Self-efficacy and the Mediating Role of ICT Adoption. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 6(9). https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2024089
Sakernas. (2023). Booklet Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional Agustus 2023: Vol. 6(2).
Santana, M., & Cobo, M. J. (2020). What is the Future of Work? A Science Mapping Analysis. European Management Journal, 38(6), 846–862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2020.04.010
Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Applying the Job Demands-Resources model: A ‘How to’ Guide to Measuring and Tackling Work Engagement and Burnout. Organizational Dynamics, 46(2), 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orgdyn.2017.04.008
Scholze, A., & Hecker, A. (2023). Digital Job Demands and Resources: Digitization in the Context of the Job Demands-Resources Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20166581
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Published
2025-01-24
How to Cite
Adella Trisna Rachmayanti, & Rostiana. (2025). PERAN JOB CRAFTING SEBAGAI MODERATOR ANTARA PENGGUNAAN TIK DENGAN KETERIKATAN KERJA PADA KARYAWAN GENERASI Z. Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang, 10(04), 294 - 316. https://doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v10i04.4913
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Articles
