PROSPEK REKONSTRUKSI PEMIKIRAN ISLAM DI ERA MODERN DAN POSTMODERN
Abstract
Social change, advances in science and technology, globalization, and the growing postmodern critique of claims to universal truth present both challenges and opportunities for Islamic thought. This article aims to analyze the prospects for reconstructing Islamic thought in the modern and postmodern eras, identify the epistemological issues it faces, and formulate directions for renewal that remain grounded in the normative sources of Islam. This study employs a qualitative library research approach, using descriptive-critical analysis of the works of modern Muslim thinkers and contemporary academic literature. The discussion focuses on the relationship between revelation, reason, historical experience, and scientific knowledge; the contribution of Fazlur Rahman’s double movement theory; Mohammed Arkoun’s critique of Islamic reason; and the relevance of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah and the integration of knowledge. The findings indicate that reconstruction does not entail replacing Islamic teachings with modern ideologies. Rather, it involves interpreting the intellectual heritage of Islam responsibly so that the values of justice, public welfare, human dignity, and moral responsibility can be realized in new contexts. The prospects for renewal depend on methodological openness, strengthened literacy, interdisciplinary dialogue, the courage to engage in ijtihād, and a willingness to critically examine tradition without losing its ethical and spiritual orientation. At the same time, total relativism, ahistorical textual interpretation, and the uncritical imitation of modernity must be avoided.
Keywords: reconstruction of Islamic thought, modernity, postmodernity, ijtihād, Islamic epistemology, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah
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