STUDI FENOMENOLOGIS TENTANG PENGALAMAN MINDFULNESS WARGA BINAAN NARKOTIKA DALAM MENCAPAI KESEJAHTERAAN PSIKOLOGIS DI LAPAS KELAS IIA BALIKPAPAN
Abstract
Drug offenders form the largest group of inmates in Class IIA Balikpapan Prison, which houses 1,244 inmates against a capacity of 707, 918 of whom are drug offenders. Overcrowding, loss of freedom, separation from family, guilt, and uncertainty about the future place them at risk of psychological distress. This study aims to understand the mindfulness experiences of drug-offender inmates and how these experiences relate to their efforts to achieve psychological well-being. A qualitative approach with a phenomenological design was employed. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and were analysed using the interactive model of data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results show that mindfulness experiences do not primarily emerge from formal meditation but from everyday ways of living through the sentence: acknowledging mistakes and accepting their consequences, directing attention to present activities, regulating emotions during conflict, and treating the past as a lesson. These experiences reflect six aspects of mindfulness, namely present-moment awareness, acceptance, non-judging, patience, openness, and letting go, which develop gradually and not always consistently, as regret, anxiety, and longing for family still arise. Conceptually, these experiences are linked to Ryff's six dimensions of psychological well-being: self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, and personal growth. Mindfulness is not the sole determinant of well-being, since family support, social interaction, religious practice, and rehabilitation activities also play a role. Correctional institutions are recommended to strengthen self-reflection, counselling, and simple attention-training activities within their rehabilitation programmes.
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