IMPLEMENTASI SELF-RELIANCE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SOCIAL REINTEGRATION DAN ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE KLIEN PEMASYARAKATAN PASCA MENJALANI PIDANA DI BAPAS KELAS I MATARAM
Abstract
Conventional crime in Indonesia, particularly theft, remains high, while poverty and limited access to employment increase the risk of recidivism among people who have served their sentences. This study analyzes the implementation of the Self-Reliance Development Program for correctional clients at the Class I Mataram Probation and Parole Office (Bapas) in improving social reintegration and economic independence after serving a sentence, and identifies the obstacles to clients’ self-development. A descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design was used. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation from six informants selected by purposive sampling: three correctional clients, two probation officers, and one structural official. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman, guided by the concepts of self-reliance (Nyerere, 1967), social reintegration (Braithwaite, 1989), and economic independence (Sen, 1999). The findings show that the program improves social reintegration through restored family acceptance, wider community participation through cooperation with Pokmas Lipas, and a reduced impact of stigma. It also improves economic independence through the mastery of work skills, independent income, and financial management. However, implementation is hindered by persistent social stigma, the influence of former social circles, limited business capital and work equipment, difficulty accessing formal employment because of criminal records, limited product marketing, limited facilities, budget, and personnel relative to the broad working area, limited capacity and distribution of partners, and the end of the supervision period. Skills training alone is therefore insufficient and must be complemented by access to capital and markets, an expanded partner network, and continued assistance after the supervision period.
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