Studi Kualitatif: Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning pada Materi Peran Makhluk Hidup dalam Rantai Makanan
Abstract
This study aims to describe the application of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model to science instruction on the role of living things in the food chain in elementary schools. The study used a qualitative approach with a case study design, conducted at SDN 03 Alai. Subjects included classroom teachers and students directly involved in the learning process. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, learning observations, and documentation studies. Data analysis was conducted using an interactive analysis model, encompassing data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Its validity was tested through triangulation of sources and techniques. The results showed that the implementation of the PBL model created a more active, contextual, and student-centered learning environment. Students demonstrated high engagement in group discussions, a more meaningful understanding of the food chain concept, and increased interaction and collaboration among students. However, the implementation of PBL still faced challenges in time management and differences in student participation levels. This study concluded that PBL has the potential to improve the quality of science instruction in elementary schools if supported by careful planning and effective classroom management
References
Bowen, G. A. (2018). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 18(2), 107–119.
Brinkmann, S., & Kvale, S. (2018). Doing interviews (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Hmelo-Silver, C. E., & Barrows, H. S. (2019). Problem-based learning: An overview and future directions. Educational Psychology Review, 31(3), 1–18.
Hmelo-Silver, C. E., Duncan, R. G., & Chinn, C. A. (2019). Scaffolding and achievement in problem-based learning. Educational Psychologist, 54(2), 1–15.
Hosnan, M. (2019). Pendekatan saintifik dan kontekstual dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.
Kemendikbudristek. (2022). Panduan pembelajaran IPA sekolah dasar. Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset, dan Teknologi.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2021). The constructivist credo. New York, NY: Routledge.
Majid, A. (2020). Strategi pembelajaran. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2019). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2020). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Nurhadi. (2020). Pembelajaran kontekstual dan penerapannya dalam pembelajaran IPA. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang Press.
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2019). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis. Administration and Policy in Mental Health, 46(2), 1–12.
Rusman. (2020). Model-model pembelajaran: Mengembangkan profesionalisme guru. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Savery, J. R. (2019). Overview of problem-based learning: Definitions and distinctions. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 13(1), 1–12.
Stake, R. E. (2020). Qualitative research: Studying how things work. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kualitatif. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Trianto. (2021). Model pembelajaran inovatif berorientasi konstruktivistik. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Wulandari, B., & Surjono, H. D. (2019). Pengaruh problem based learning terhadap hasil belajar IPA. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 8(3), 321–330.
Wulandari, E. (2012). Penerapan Model PBL (Problem Based Learning) Pada Pembelajaran IPA Siswa Kelas V SD. Kalam Cendekia PGSD Kebumen, 2(1).
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
